62 AMAM.OBERLIN.EDU GLOSSARY GENERAL TERMS Environmental Literacy: (1) Conceptual understanding about environmental issues, (2) problem-solving and critical thinking skills, (3) a proclivity toward the environment and natural world, and (4) pro-environmental behavior in personal and civic realms. (Social Ecology Lab, StanfordUniversity) Sustainability: Sustainability presumes that resources are finite and should be used conservatively andwiselywith a view to long-termpriorities and consequences of the ways inwhich resources are used. Sustainable practices support ecological, human, and economic health and vitality. (UCLA Sustainability Charter) CHINESE TERMS Dànshuǐ 淡水: Port city in northern Taiwan, known as Tamsui during Japanese rule Dòngtíng 洞庭: LakeDòngtíng, featured in the traditional “Eight Views” theme ”AutumnMoon over LakeDòngtíng” Guānzhōng 關中: Region encompassing historic capital city of Xi’an and surrounding plains in Shaanxi Province; subject of “Eight Views of Guānzhōng” 關中八景 qín 琴: Seven-stringedmusical instrument in the zither family Xiāng 湘: River in the Xiāoxiāng region, central to the original “Eight Views” tradition Xiāoxiāng 瀟湘: River region in present-day Hunan Province; origin of the “Eight Views” traditionmeaning “clear and deepXiāngRiver” Xiāoxiāngbājǐng 潇湘八景: “Eight Views of Xiāoxiāng”—the original “Eight Views” theme created by SòngDí JAPANESE TERMS benizuri-e 紅摺絵: Woodblock print with limited color selection, predecessor to full-color printing bijinga 美人画: “Pictures of beautiful women”—popular ukiyo-e genre chōnin 町人: Urban townspeople in the Edo period, primarilymerchants and artisans dashi 出汁: Fish stockmade frombonito engawa 縁側: Raised, porch-like space that often surrounds traditional Japanese buildings eri 魞: Fish trapmadewith fence of closely spaced logs fusuma 襖: Opaque sliding screens futon 布団: Cotton quilts andmattresses gyotaku 魚拓: Printsmade by inking fish bodies and printing themon paper to record catches hakkei 八景: “Eight Views”—Japanese adaptation of Chinese “Eight Views” tradition hatsu katsuo 初鰹: First bonito of the season, consideredmost delicious and symbol of spring igusa 藺草: Rush plant used to cover tatami mats irori 囲炉裏: Recessed fire pit, central feature ofmost Japanese homes kago 駕籠: Sedan chair carried by two bearers kake-nabe 掛鍋: Large iron flanged pot designed to hang over fire or rest in kamado oven kamado 竈: Clay cooking ovenwith upper opening for pots KanazawaHakkei 金沢八景: “Eight Views of Kanazawa”—Japanese adaptation focusing on coastal area near Edo kasaibune 葛西舟: Special boat for transporting buckets of humanmanure katsuo 鰹: Bonito or skipjack tuna, major part of Japanese cuisine katsuobushi 鰹節: Smoked, fermented, dried, and shaved bonito flakes used as seasoning kiba 木場: Lumber yards mino 蓑: Straw rain cape providing lightweight, water-repellent protection minogame 蓑亀: Lucky turtlewith long fringe of seaweed on back, resembling oldman’s beard mitate 見立: “Look-and-compare pictures”— visual analogywhere contemporary scenes allude to classical literature or themes nishiki-e 錦絵: Full-color woodblock prints nori 海苔: Dried seaweed sheets used as sushi wrap, highly nutritious Ōmi Hakkei 近江八景: “Eight Views of Ōmi”—scenic spots around Lake Biwa, major Japanese adaptation seki 堰: Small adjustablewooden damor weir used to control water flow in rice fields shirauo 白魚: Tiny but tasty icefish that could only be caught at night shoin-zukuri 書院造: Architectural style common to Edo samurai class andwealthier townspeople shoji 障子: Translucent, grid-like sliding screens coveredwith paper surimono 摺物: Rare limited-edition prints, oftenmore luxurious than standard prints taba 束: Bundled sheaves of grain tied upwith grain-end elevated for protectionwhile drying tai 鯛: Red sea bream, popular seafoodwith auspicious associations tan-e 丹絵: Earlywoodblock printswith hand-colored details tatami 畳: Floormatsmadewith rice strawcore, coveredwithwoven rush, standard size measurement for rooms tokonoma 床の間: Recessed alcovewith raised platformfor displaying art and flower arrangements tsubo-niwa 坪庭: Small open-air courtyards within residences for light and airflow ukai 鵜飼: Cormorant fishing practiced for over thousand years using trained seabirds ukiyo 浮世: “FloatingWorld”—cultural concept celebrating ephemeral pleasures of urban life ukiyo-e 浮世絵: “Pictures of the Floating World”—woodblock prints depicting actors, beautiful women, and leisure scenes wara わら: Rice straw, versatilematerial used for rope, sandals, mats, bags, and rain coats yana 梁: Fishingweir yotsudake 四つ竹: Vertical posts used to support heavy tree branches yui 結: Community cooperation, traditional Japanese ethic essential for rice cultivation and village life Zashiki Hakkei 座敷八景: “Eight Parlor Views”—witty domestic interpretation of traditional Eight Views themes
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